If you can wait, it seems like there's new functionality rolling out that would help with this: https://support.airtable.com/docs/repeating-groups-of-automation-actions
A possible non-scripting solution would be to have a "Helper" table, and when your automation runs and finds these records, you'd link them all to a single record in the "Helper" table
In the "Helper" table, you could create a rollup field that would only output the first record ID of all of the records linked to it. You could then make an automation that would trigger when this rollup field updates, and the action would be whatever you wanted it to be (e.g. updating the record with that record ID), and you would need to make sure to unlink the record with that record ID from the "Helper" record
Doing so will force that rollup field to update and a new record ID would take its place, triggering the automation again