Welcome to the Airtable community!
You can run scripts as part of an automation. Automation scripts are very similar to Scripting App scripts. There are slightly different ways of inputting which record to act upon.
There are also a wide array of automation triggers. However, use the “when record updated” trigger with extreme caution. Every single key press in an editable field counts as an update, so it is easy to accidentally have an automation run prematurely (and multiple times) when using this trigger.