Checking to see if a field is blank is actually much easier than you might think. This should work:
IF({LINKED FIELD}, Duration)
Putting the field name on its own checks to see if that field contains anything. If so, the condition is considered to be true. However, in your comment you said:
…which is the opposite of how you tried to structure your formula. If you truly want the duration to appear if {LINKED FIELD}
is empty, use this:
IF(NOT({LINKED FIELD}), Duration)
Also, the last part of the IF() function is optional. If omitted (as I did in my examples), Airtable automatically inserts the appropriate equivalent of BLANK(), so putting BLANK() there explicitly is unnecessary.