If you want to do it natively in Airtable, you would either need to write your own custom JavaScript to access Airtable’s REST API, or you could probably use the DataFetcher app to access this information as well (although I haven’t personally tested this with DataFetcher).
However, using an external tool like Make.com is my favorite, because it’s essentially “no code”, and it’s free for up to 1,000 operations per month.
Below is a screenshot of all the information you can grab from an attachment field with Make — which is all the same information that the REST API returns.
You may want to also send an email to Airtable technical support at support@airtable.com to request that they natively support this feature in the future.