Welcome to the community, @Myra_Rivera! :grinning_face_with_big_eyes: A formula can’t change the contents of other fields. It can only output a value in the formula field itself. Formulas also can’t currently iterate through collections; i.e. a collection of dates in a specific range.
What you could do, though, is turn those checkbox fields into formula fields, with each one reading the arrival and departure dates, comparing against a single fixed date (different for each field), and outputting a checkbox emoji if the right conditions are met.
However, before going down that path, it might help to know the big picture of what you’re trying to achieve with all of this marking of dates. How many date fields will your table have? Are you only checking that narrow date range, or do your dates span a greater stretch of time?