Welcome to the community, @Glenn_Davis! 
Yup, that’s pretty much what it is. Notion (which I just started using recently) lets you embed Notion components—pages or databases—within other pages and control how those embeds are presented. It’s a pretty slick system.
With Airtable, the only way to embed a table/view anywhere is in a webpage, or as a standalone shared view. In either case, you’re left with a read-only look at a given Airtable view. However, if a read-only view is sufficient, you could create a view that shows a filtered collection of records, then add that view to a dashboard in the Apps sidebar using the Embed app, effectively embedding Airtable inside of Airtable. I do this with simple form views in a few places, but it would also work with any other sharable view. Still, it’s read-only, and that doesn’t sound like what you want.
Another option is to create a custom Airtable app that takes the data from specific tables/views in your base and presents it in a custom way, including editing capabilities if desired. As a simple example, my planning base contains a view that shows my tasks for the next seven days, grouped by day. It’s really helpful for seeing how full (or empty) my schedule is on specific days if I need to move tasks around. However, switching back and forth to and from that view was getting cumbersome, so I wrote a custom app yesterday that just gives me the basic info that I need:

The data dynamically updates as I assign tasks to specific days. This is a read-only app, but it could have been built to let me interact with certain data points if that’s what I wanted. The thing to be aware of here, though, is that app design isn’t for everyone. It can be done, but it will require a serious investment of time to learn to build even simple apps.
There are also third-party tools that can let you create a more pleasing front end to Airtable’s data, but there are price tags tied to most of those. Not sure if it’s worth the cost for a personal planning system.
There may be more options that I can’t think of at the moment, but these are the ones that jump to mind right away.