Retrieve record name by it's id

Hello everyone!

Is it possible to retrieve the record name having it’s id without the need of requesting the whole table which contains this record? By other words, if I know there is an object {id: “something”, name: “something other”} and I can get it’s properties

let obj = {id: 1, name:"object name"};
console.log(obj.id, obj.name);

Can I make a reverse? Say, I know recordID, it has a unique value. Can I retrieve the name belonging to this recordID?

Thanks in advance.