I don't think Airtable allows you to do that (you cannot restrict single/multi select options based on another single/multi select field in the same table).
A workaround would be to move your "Providers" into a distinct table, and the options in "Select" to yet another distinct table.
In the Providers table, create a linked field linking to the "Select" table, and link records that would be valid options for the given Provider.
Then in your original table, you can create linked fields to both "Providers" and "Select"
In the "Select" field specifically, you would toggle "Filter record selection by condition" ON, and use this condition statement:
WHERE > Providers > has any of > *Linked Record Field to "Providers* (note: you will need to click the cog on the right side and select "Dynamic condition" in order to select this)
This isn't the most elegant solution, but it would produce the desired result.