Unfortunately, you can not update Salesforce records directly from Airtable's Salesforce sync tables.
You would need to create your own custom automations to update records in Salesforce.
You could use Airtable's native Salesforce automation actions, although those are relatively limited.
For much more power & customizability & flexibility, I would highly recommend using a combination of Make's Safesforce automations and Make's Airtable automations.
The only downside to this approach is that there is a bit of a learning curve with Make, which is why I created this basic navigation video to help. I also provide the links to a few other Make training resources there as well.
(Same thing with Jira. You can use Airtable's Jira Cloud automation actions or you can use the more powerful JIra Cloud integrations offered by Make.)
p.s. If you have a budget for your project and you’d like to hire an expert Airtable consultant to help you with any of this, please feel free to contact me through my website: Airtable consulting — ScottWorld