You'd use Google Apps Script and the Airtable Web API to do that:
https://airtable.com/developers/web/api/introduction
https://developers.google.com/apps-script

If you're not familiar with programming you may want to use Airtable's inbuilt automations for this that allow you to trigger automations when a row is created in Sheets, as well as create a row in Sheets
https://support.airtable.com/docs/google-workspace-triggers#google-sheets-trigger
https://support.airtable.com/docs/google-workspace-actions

You could also consider using a third party integration tool like Make.com to handle it