Hm how do you determine what the new text and next steps should be?

Could I not have a table that it pulls the info from, where the predetermined steps are written already? Even better if I could have it pull certain text based on selectors such as "human aggressive" as that requires muzzle training and that is steps not in the default program.. 

Yeap, for sure.  You'd need a way to track the progress of each step for each dog though, so I'd do three tables I think:

1. Dogs
2. Steps template data
3. Dogs <> Steps - Each record represents a single step and you can log notes for each step as well as progress

Assuming each dog will have the same steps all the time, you could use an automation or record templates to help you pre-populate the Dogs <> Steps table automatically for each new dog, and you can then work off the 'Dogs <> Steps' table to see what pending steps there are

If they have varying steps each time, then you'll manually set the next step each time a previous step was completed

There are a handful of variables, but those dogs still has same base steps but with a couple additional steps, could that be its own template/table? I have no idea how to set this up, is there a service I can pay?

I've set up something here for you to explore.  In 'Steps', you can define all the steps that you'd need to take for training and you'd set it either as 'Default' where it'd be the same for all dogs or 'Additional'

After that, you can then click on the 'Create steps' checkbox field and that'll trigger an automation that'll look for all the steps that are of type 'Default' and will help you create it for that dog, and you can then track progress for each step for each dog:

Reckon you should be good to go with this?  Let me know if you have any questions and I'll do my best!