Unfortunately no. To do what you want, you could create another table that has the options, then use a ‘Link to Other Table’ type for your column. Then you could dynamically add to the table that is being referenced.

But there are a set of features that only work with ‘single select’ such as coloring a timeline view.

When creating or updating records, if the choice string does not exactly match an existing option, the request will fail with an INVALID_MULTIPLE_CHOICE_OPTIONS error unless the typecast parameter is enabled. If typecast is enabled, a new choice will be created if one does not exactly match.