I'm not aware of any native ability to read the contents of an attachment but this could be done with Airtable scripting. You can use a somewhat hacky method with eval() to import external libraries that can do these things and parse the result in your base.

Airtable scripting cannot look directly inside pdf or doc attachments. It can look at plain text files. 

I suggest looking into third party services that can perform searches into the file types you want (or that can extract text into plain text format).

Thanks folks. I'm exploring a two step process.

Step 1: Use the relevant 3rd party tool to extract the Data in a structured format (e.g. Google Sheets).

Step 2: Use Zapier to push a new record in Aortab